In this work, we propose a strength theory as a function of temperature and state of stresses for metals. Based on the fracture in the hydrostatic stress, we derived a generalized strength model, in which the fracture strength decreases almost linearly with the increasing of the temperature. Furthermore this generalized strength model was extended to the general state of stresses by replacing the equivalent hydrostatic stresses with the temperature effect based on the general thermodynamics principles. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was also conducted to simulate the fracture evolution at high temperature and to explain the mechanism of temperature-dependent strength at atomic scale. The proposed model was also verified by experiment of Mo-10Cu alloy at elevated temperature.
Issue Section:
Research Papers
Keywords:
Mechanical properties of materials
References
1.
Jiang
, H.
, Hirohasi
, M.
, Lu
, Y.
, and Imanari
, H.
, 2002
, “Effect of Nb on the High Temperature Oxidation of Ti–(0–50 at. %)Al
,” Scr. Mater.
, 46
(9), pp. 639
–643
.10.1016/S1359-6462(02)00042-82.
Ma
, C. L.
, Li
, J. G.
, Tan
, Y.
, Tanaka
, R.
, and Hanada
, S.
, 2004
, “Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nb/Nb5Si3 In-Situ Composites in Nb-Mo-Si and Nb-W-Si System
,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A
, 386
(1–2), pp. 375
–383
.10.1016/j.msea.2004.08.0043.
Senkov
, O. N.
, Scott
, J. M.
, Senkova
, S. V.
, Miracle
, D. B.
, and Woodward
, C. F.
, 2011
, “Microstructure and Room Temperature Properties of a High-Entropy TaNbHfZrTi Alloy
,” J. Alloys Compd.
, 509
(20), pp. 6043
–6048
.10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.02.1714.
Liu
, C. M.
, Wang
, H. M.
, Zhang
, S. Q.
, Tang
, H. B.
, and Zhang
, A. L.
, 2014
, “Microstructure and Oxidation Behavior of New Refractory High Entropy Alloys
,” J. Alloys Compd.
, 583
, pp. 162
–169
.10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.08.1025.
Varma
, S. K.
, 2010
, “Refractory Metals—An Exploration of High-Temperature Materials
,” JOM
, 62
(10), pp. 12
.10.1007/s11837-010-0147-y6.
Yoshimi
, K.
, Nakatani
, S.
, Nomura
, N.
, and Hanada
, S.
, 2003
, “Thermal Expansion, Strength and Oxidation Resistance of Mo/Mo5SiB2 In-Situ Composites at Elevated Temperature
,” Intermetallics
, 11
(8), pp. 787
–794
.10.1016/S0966-9795(03)00073-67.
Yoko
, Y.-M.
, 2000
, “High Temperature Strength of IR-Based Refractory Superalloys
,” J. Jpn. Inst. Met.
, 64
, pp. 1068
–1075
.10.1557/PROC-646-N3.6.18.
Armstrong
, R. W.
, and Walley
, S. M.
, 2008
, “High Strain Rate Properties of Metals and Alloys
,” Inter. Mater. Rev.
, 53
(3), pp. 105
–128
.10.1179/174328008X2777959.
Carreker
, R. P.
, and Hibbard
, W. R.
, 1953
, “Tensile Deformation of High-Purity Copper as a Function of Temperature, Strain Rate, and Grain Size
,” Acta Metall.
, 1
(6), pp. 654
–663.10.1016/0001-6160(53)90022-410.
Su
, H. H.
, Fang
, X. F.
, Feng
, X.
, and Yan
, B.
, 2014
, “Temperature-Dependent Modulus of Metals Based on Lattice Vibration Theory
,” ASME J. Appl. Mech.
, 81
(4
), p. 041017
.10.1115/1.402541711.
Hu
, S. L.
, and Shen
, S. P.
, 2013
, “Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics and Variational Principles for Fully Coupled Thermal–Mechanical–Chemical Processes
,” Acta Mech.
, 224
(12), pp. 2895
–2910
.10.1007/s00707-013-0907-112.
Suo
, Y. H.
, and Shen
, S. P.
, 2013
, “General Approach on Chemistry and Stress Coupling Effects During Oxidation
,” J. Appl. Phys.
, 114
(16), p. 164905
.10.1063/1.482653013.
Wei
, Y. J.
, and Gao
, H. J.
, 2008
, “An Elastic–Viscoplastic Model of Deformation in Nanocrystalline Metals Based on Coupled Mechanisms in Grain Boundaries and Grain Interiors
,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A
, 478
(1–2), pp. 16
–25
.10.1016/j.msea.2007.05.05414.
Wei
, Y. J.
, 2011
, “Anisotropic Size Effect in Strength in Coherent Nanowires With Tilted Twins
,” Phys. Rev. B
, 84
(1), p. 014107
.10.1103/PhysRevB.84.01410715.
Wei
, Y. J.
, 2011
, “Scaling of Maximum Strength With Grain Size in Nanotwinned fcc Metals
,” Phys. Rev. B
, 83
(13), p. 132104
.10.1103/PhysRevB.83.13210416.
Vikas
, T.
, and Min
, Z.
, 2006
, “Tension-Compression Strength Asymmetry of Nanocrystalline α-Fe2O3 + fcc-Al Ceramic-Metal Composites
,” Appl. Phys. Lett.
, 88
, p. 233107
.10.1063/1.221079717.
Vikas
, T.
, and Min
, Z.
, 2006
, “Classical Molecular-Dynamics Potential for the Mechanical Strength of Nanocrystalline Composite fcc-Al + α- Fe2O3
,” Phys. Rev. B
, 73
(17), p. 174116
.10.1103/PhysRevB.73.17411618.
Qiang
, Y.
, Bažant
, Z. P.
, Bayldon
, J.
, Le
, J.-L.
, Caner
, F. C.
, Ng
, W. H.
, Waas
, A. M.
, and Daniel
, I. M.
, 2009
, “Scaling of Strength of Metal-Composite Joints—Part I: Experimental Investigation
,” ASME J. Appl. Mech.
, 77
(1
), p. 011011
.10.1115/1.317225419.
Le
, J.-L.
, Bažant
, Z. P.
, and Yu
, Q.
, 2009
, “Scaling of Strength of Metal-Composite Joints—Part II: Interface Fracture Analysis
,” ASME J. Appl. Mech.
, 77
(1), p. 011012
.10.1115/1.317215220.
Yu
, Q.
, Bažant
, Z. P.
, and Le
, J.-L.
, 2013
, “Scaling of Strength of Metal-Composite Joints—Part III: Numerical Simulation
,” ASME J. Appl. Mech.
, 80
(5
), p. 054503
.10.1115/1.402364321.
Zhurkov
, S. N.
, 1984
, “Kinetic Concept of the Strength of Solids
,” Int. J. Fract.
, 26
(4), pp. 295
–307
.10.1007/BF0096296122.
Vettegren
, V. I.
, Kulik
, V. B.
, and Bronnikov
, S. V.
, 2005
, “Temperature Dependence of the Tensile Strength of Polymers and Metals at Elevated Temperatures
,” Tech. Phys. Lett.
, 31
(11), pp. 969
–972
.10.1134/1.213696823.
Selinger
, R. L. B.
, Wang
, Z. G.
, Gelbart
, W. M.
, and Ben-Shaul
, A.
, 1991
, “Statistical-Thermodynamic Approach to Fracture
,” Phys. Rev. A
, 43
(8), pp. 4396
–4400
.10.1103/PhysRevA.43.439624.
Yamamoto
, S.
, and Anderson
, O. L.
, 1987
, “Elasticity and Anharmonicity of Potassium Chloride at High Temperature
,” Phys. Chem. Miner.
, 14
(4), pp. 332
–340
.10.1007/BF0030980625.
Born
, M.
, and Huang
, K.
, 1954
, Dynamical Theory of Crystal Lattices
, Clarendon
, Oxford, UK
.26.
Liu
, B.
, Bai
, P. K.
, Chen
, J.
, and Bu
, Z. X.
, 2009
, “Study on Rapid Prototyping Preparation Process of Molybdenum/Copper Composites
,” J. North Univ. China, Nat. Sci. Ed.
, 30
, pp. 85
–89
, available at: http://caod.oriprobe.com/articles/15280954/Study_on_Rapid_Prototyping_Preparation_Process_of_Molybdenum_Copper_Co.htm27.
Zhou
, X. W.
, Johnson
, R. A.
, and Wadley
, H. N. G.
, 2004
, “Misfit-Energy-Increasing Dislocations in Vapor-Deposited CoFe/NiFe Multilayers
,” Phys. Rev. B
, 69
(14), p. 144113
.10.1103/PhysRevB.69.144113Copyright © 2014 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
