...M. Izadi; D. K. Aidun; P. Marzocca; H. Lee This paper describes an advanced monitoring system for fouling phenomenon in a wide range of tubular heat exchangers such as condensers and intercoolers. First, a mathematical model of fouling resistance in tubular heat exchangers is adapted. The model...

... with high dissolved salt content is evaporated. In these processes, various salts will precipitate and cause fouling of the heat transfer surfaces in a certain order depending on operating conditions, especially temperature and concentration of foulants...

... natural convection solubility liquid phase deposition diffusion mass transfer solutions Double Diffusion Fouling Heat Transfer Mass Transfer Natural Convection The visually accessible test section used in the Hodes et al. experiments 5 6 is shown in Fig. 1...

...Wei Li, Consultant, Mem. ASME This paper addresses fouling in a family of seven copper helically ribbed tubes. Series of semi-theoretical linear fouling correlations for long term combined precipitation and particulate fouling (PPF) in cooling tower systems and for accelerated particulate fouling...

...Bang-Yenn Wu, Assistant Professor; S. H. Chan, President Heat transfer surface fouling introduces a major uncertainty into the design and operation of cooling water systems. Fouling caused by calcium carbonate CaCO 3 typically occurs on heat transfer surfaces. Ozone has been successfully used...

...N. Andritsos; A. J. Karabelas 23 Feb 1998 12 Aug 1998 05 12 2007 Experimental Fouling Heat Transfer Scaling Andritsos N. , Kontopoulou M. , Karabelas A. J. , and Koutsoukos P. G. , 1996 , “ CaC0 3 scale layers formed under isothermal flow...

...Y. I. Cho; B.-G. Choi The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of fouling on the accuracy of temperature measurement. When a thin scale layer is deposited on a temperature-measuring probe, the temperature reading can be in error by several degrees in spite of ± 0.1 K...

... for the production of fresh water, sea water with high dissolved electrolyte content is evaporated. Fouling is one of the most expensive problems in these desalting units. This problem causes the efficiency of the evaporator to decrease drastically and limits the widespread production of large quantities of fresh...

...S. M. Zubair; A. K. Sheikh; M. O. Budair; M. A. Badar Fouling of heat transfer surfaces introduces a major uncertainty into the design and operation of heat transfer equipment. After a brief discussion on impact of fouling, we present and discuss a stochastic approach to the analysis of fouling...

...S. M. Zubair; A. K. Sheikh; M. O. Budair; M. U. Haq; A. Quddus; O. A. Ashiru Calcium carbonate fouling is typically encountered in a cooling-water circulating system. An experimental program is initiated to study fouling growth law (s) as well as the basic mechanism of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3...

... crystallization fouling in a plate heat exchanger. Calcium sulphate particles are formed during the preparation of calcium sulphate solution due to breakage of calcium sulphate crystals growing on the heat transfer surface. These suspended particles settle on the heat transfer surface and act as nuclei...

.... These and other results presented can explain all the qualitative differences of scale deposit found experimentally on magnetic and nonmagnetic probes. 11 December 1995 10 May 1996 05 12 2007 Forced Convection Fouling Heat Exchangers Boichenko V. A. , and Sapogin L. G...

...S. H. Chan; Z. J. Chen; P. He This study presents the results of an experimental investigation of the effects of Fe 3+ ion in aqueous solution on silica fouling of heat exchanger and assesses the relative effect of Fe 3+ , Na + , and K + ions on silica fouling. Experiments were conducted at 165–125...

... that are applicable for a wide range of roughness parameters. However, to employ enhanced surfaces in power plant condensers, engineers require information on fouling of such surfaces. In a recent study (Smith and Dirks, 1985), it was estimated that fouling of heat exchangers costs around $4.2 to $10 billion/year...

...B. Bansal; H. Mu¨ller-Steinhagen Crystallization fouling of calcium sulfate was investigated in a plate and frame heat exchanger. The effects of flow velocity, wall temperature, and CaSO 4 , concentration on the fouling rates have been investigated and the distribution of scale along the heat...

...S. H. Chan; Z. J. Chen; P. He The effects of NaCl and KCl salts in aqueous solutions on silica fouling of heat exchangers under turbulent flow conditions were examined experimentally over a range of pH, velocity, and salt concentration levels. The fundamental attachment process of silica fouling...

... on the plane and particle is presented. The various incremental resistances caused by a single and a dilute planar random array of truncated spherical particles are also derived. 01 December 1990 01 October 1991 23 05 2008 Conduction Fouling Mass Transfer J. Fransaer Research Fellow...

...S. H. Chan; K. F. Ghassemi This is a two-part series to model scaling of heat transfer surfaces by calcium carbonate based on the first conservation principle approach. In Part I, general physical and chemical processes in CaCO 3 fouling are described and a single-species model is proposed whereby...

...S. H. Chan; K. F. Ghassemi The present study proposes a multispecies transport model to predict calcium carbonate deposition. The model has been applied to predict the deposition flux, the mean fouling layer thickness, and the profile of local fouling thickness along a heated plate of a laminar...

...S. H. Chan; H. Rau; C. DeBellis; K. F. Neusen Silica fouling of heat transfer equipment in geothermal energy systems is studied. The effects of temperature, pH, and salinity on silica solubility and silica polymerization are reviewed. Experimental fouling data are presented for geothermal brines...