A simple electrochemical method for the determination of cyanuric acid (CA) has been developed based on a CuGeO3 nanowire modified glassy carbon electrode. The dense CuGeO3 nanowire film can be formed on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode. The roles of scan rate, CA concentration, and electrolytes with different pH values on the electrochemical responses of CA have also been analyzed. The intensities of two anodic peaks vary linearly with the increase of the scan rate from 25 to 200 mVs−1. The intensity of the electrochemical CV peak increases with the increase of the acidity of the electrolytes. The two anodic peak currents are linear with the CA concentration in the range of 0.005–2 mM. The linear correlation coefficient is 0.984 and 0.980 for the cyclic voltammogram peaks (cvp) cvp1 and cvp2, respectively. The detection limit is 4.3 μM and 2.1 μM for cvp1 and cvp2, respectively. The proposed electrochemical method is convenient and effective sensing of CA.
Issue Section:
Research Papers
References
1.
Sugita
, T.
, Ishiwata
, H.
, and Yoshihira
, K.
, 1990
, “Release of Formaldehyde and Melamine from Tableware made of Melamine—Formaldehyde Resin
,” Food Addit. Contam.
, 7
, pp. 21
–27
.10.1080/026520390093738152.
Brown
, C. A.
, Jeong
, K. S.
, Poppenga
, R. H.
, Puschner
, B.
, Miller
, D. M.
, Ellis
, A. E.
, Kang
, K. I.
, Sum
, S.
, Cistola
, A. M.
, and Brown
, S. A.
, 2007
, “Outbreaks of Renal Failure Associated With Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Dogs and Cats in 2004 and 2007
,” J. Vet. Diagn. Invest.
, 19
, pp. 525
–531
.10.1177/1040638707019005103.
Perdigao
, L. M. A.
, Champness
, N. R.
, and Beton
, P. H.
, 2006
, “Surface Self-Assembly of the Cyanuric Acid–melamine Hydrogen Bonded Network
,” Chem. Commun.
, 42
, pp. 538
–540
.10.1039/b514389f4.
Karbiwnyk
, C. M.
, Andersen
, W. C.
, Turnipseed
, S. B.
, Storey
, J. M.
, Madson
, M. R.
, Miller
, K. E.
, Gieseker
, C. M.
, Miller
, R. A.
, Rummel
, N. G.
, and Reimschuessel
, R.
, 2009
, “Determination of Cyanuric Acid Residues in Catfish, Trout, Tilapia, Salmon and Shrimp by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
,” Anal. Chim. Acta
, 637
, pp. 101
–111
.10.1016/j.aca.2008.08.0375.
U. S., Food and Drug Administration
, 2007
, “Pet Food Recall (Melamine)/Tainted Animal Feed
,” http://www.fda.gov/oc/opacom/hottopics/petfood.html#situation6.
Landers
, B. R.
, 2012
, “Effects of Dietary Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Young Pekin Ducks and Weanling Pigs
,” A Thesis presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School University of Missouri-Colombia, Columbia, MO.7.
Hilts
, C.
, and Pelletier
, L.
, 2008
, “Background Paper on Occurrence of Melamine in Foods and Feed. WHO Expert Meeting on Toxicological and Health Aspects of Melamine and Cyanuric Acid
,” Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada.8.
Miao
, H.
, Fan
, S.
, Wu
, Y. N.
, Zhang
, L.
, Zhou
, P. P.
, Li
, J. G.
, Chen
, H. J.
, and Zhao
, Y. F.
, 2009
, “Simultaneous Determination of Melamine, Ammelide, Ammeline, and Cyanuric Acid in Milk and Milk Products by Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
,” Biomed. Environ. Sci.
, 22
, pp. 87
–94
.10.1016/S0895-3988(09)60027-19.
He
, L. L.
, Liu
, Y.
, Lin
, M. S.
, Awika
, J.
, Ledoux
, D. R.
, Li
, H.
, and Mustapha
, A.
, 2008
, “A New Approach to Measure Melamine, Cyanuric Acid, and Melamine Cyanurate Using Surface Enhanced Ramon Spectroscopy Coupled With Gold Nanosubstrates
,” Sens. Instrum. Food Qual.
, 2
, pp. 66
–71
.10.1007/s11694-008-9038-010.
Ehling
, S.
, Tefera
, S.
, and Ho
, I. P.
, 2007
, “High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Simultaneous Detection of the Adulteration of Cereal Flours With Melamine and Related Triazine by-Products Ammeline, Ammedide, and Cyanuric Acid
,” Food Addit. Contam.
, 24
, pp. 1319
–1325
.10.1080/0265203070167342211.
Heller
, D. N.
, and Nochetto
, C. B.
, 2008
, “Simultaneous Determination and Confirmation of Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Animal Feed by Zwitterionic Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography and Tandem Mass Spectrometry
,” Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.
, 22
, pp. 3624
–3632
.10.1002/rcm.377912.
Wang
, L.
, Henday
, S. M.
, Liu
, X. D.
, Tracy
, M.
, and Schnute
, W. C.
, 2007
, “Simultaneous Determination of Melamine and Cyanuric Acid Using LC-MS With the Acclaim Mixed-mode WAX-1 Column and Mass Spectrometric Detection
,” Montreux Symposium, Dionex, Sunnyvale, CA, USA.13.
Dong
, Y. P.
, Pei
, L. Z.
, Chu
, X. F.
, Zhang
, W. B.
, and Zhang
, Q. F.
, 2010
, “Electrochemical Behavior of Cysteine at a CuGeO3 Nanowires Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
,” Electrochim. Acta
, 55
, pp. 5135
–5141
.10.1016/j.electacta.2010.04.02014.
Pei
, L. Z.
, Xie
, Y. K.
, Cai
, Z. Y.
, Yang
, Y.
, Pei
, Y. Q.
, Fan
, C. G.
, and Fu
, D. G.
, 2012
, “Electrochemical Behaviors of Ascorbic Acid at Copper Germanate Nanowire Modified Electrode
,” J. Electrochem. Soc.
, 159
(3
), pp. K55
–K60
.10.1149/2.019203jes15.
Cai
, Z. Y.
, Pei
, L. Z.
, Yang
, Y.
, Pei
, Y. Q.
, Fan
, C. G.
, and Fu
, D. G.
, 2012
, “Electrochemical Behavior of Tartaric Acid at CuGeO3 Nanowire Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
,” J. Solid State Electrochem.
, 16
(6
), pp. 2243
–2249
.10.1007/s10008-012-1654-216.
Pei
, L. Z.
, Zhao
, H. S.
, Tan
, W.
, Yu
, H. Y.
, Chen
, Y. W.
, Zhang
, Q. F.
, and Fan
, C. G.
, 2009
, “Low Temperature Growth and Characterizations of Single Crystalline CuGeO3 Nanowires
,” Cryst. Eng. Comm.
, 8
, pp. 1696
–1701
.10.1039/b900837n17.
Hager
, G.
, and Brolo
, A. G.
, 2009
, “Protonation and Deprotonation of Cysteine and Cystine Monolayers Probed by Impedance Spectroscopy
,” J. Electroanal. Chem.
, 625
, pp. 109
–116
.10.1016/j.jelechem.2008.10.02618.
Sehlotho
, N.
, and Nyokong
, T.
, 2006
, “Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Thiocyanate, L-cysteine and 2-mercaptoethanol by Self-assembled Monolayer of Cobalt Tetraethoxy Thiophene Phthalocyanine
,” Electrochim. Acta
, 51
, pp. 4463
–4470
.10.1016/j.electacta.2005.12.02419.
Davis
, J.
, Moorcroft
, M.
, Wilkins
, S. J.
, Compton
, R. G.
, and Cardosi
, M. F.
, 2000
, “Electrochemical Detection of Nitrate and Nitrite at a Copper Modified Electrode
,” Analyst
, 125
, pp. 737
–742
.10.1039/a909762gCopyright © 2013 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
